Javan rhinoceros - Threats

Vulnerable to just about any major impact

Only two small populations of Javan rhino remain. This makes the species extremely vulnerable to extinction due to natural catastrophes, diseases, poaching, political disturbances, and genetic drift. The biology of the species is poorly understood, with techniques for accurately estimating their numbers not fully developed.

Reduced genetic diversity
The small size of Javan rhino populations, especially that in Cat Tien National Park where no more than 8 remain, is in itself a cause for concern. Low genetic diversity in these populations could lower their ability to survive natural disasters or diseases. As a result, natural catastrophes such as volcano eruptions or earthquakes, diseases, and genetic drift remain the main threats to the species.

Habitat loss and degradation
Another threat to the Javan rhino is the increased demand for land caused by rising human populations. Clearance of forests for agriculture and commercial logging are occurring in and around the two protected areas where these animals occur.

Studies on habitat improvement to increase the rhinos' natural food supply are underway. In the coming years, WWF and its partners will look at the possibility of translocating rhinos from Ujung Kulon National Park in Indonesia to establish a new population in other suitable habitat, security permitting.
Find out more about habitat loss and degradation